Key Person or Founder, Date, Location: Muhammad (570-632) is the final "seal" of many prophets sent by Allah (God). The Islamic calendar began in AD 622, when Muhammad fled Mecca. Main sects: Sunni, Shi'ite.
Key Writings: Qur'an (Koran) was revealed to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. The biblical Law of Moses, Psalms of David, and Gospel of Jesus (the Injil) are accepted in the Qur'an. But Muslim scholars teach that Jews and Christians have corrupted these original revelations.
Who is God? God (Allah) is One. The greatest sin in Islam is shirk, or associating anything with God. Many Muslims think that Christians believe in three gods and are therefore guilty of shirk. Human attributes such as fatherhood cannot be associated with God.
Who is Jesus? Jesus (Isa in Arabic) is one of the most respected of over 124,000 prophets sent by Allah. Jesus was sinless, born of a virgin, and a great miracle worker, but not the Son of God. His virgin birth is like Adam's creation. Jesus is not God, and God is not Jesus. He was not crucified.
Who is the Holy Spirit? Allah has or is a spirit. Muslims reject the biblical concept of the Trinity.
How to Be Saved: Humans are basically good, but fallible and need guidance. The balance between good and bad deeds determines eternal destiny in paradise or hell. Allah's mercy may tip the balances to heaven, as his will is supreme.
What Happens After Death: Resurrection of bodies. Fear of eternal torment is a prevalent theme of the Qur'an. Paradise includes a garden populated with houris, maidens designed by Allah to provide sexual pleasures to righteous men.
Other Facts, Beliefs, or Practices: Followers are called Muslims. Go to mosque for prayers, sermons, counsel. Holy efforts to spread Islam (jihad). Five pillars of Islam:
- Confess that Allah is the one true God and that Muhammad is his prophet.
- Pray five times daily facing Mecca.
- Give alms (money).
- Fast during the month of Ramadan.
- Make pilgrimage to Mecca (once in a lifetime).